写作技巧(I)：CET-4-6审题

英文写作技巧(II)

(写作步骤)

1. 审题：

拿到题目后要仔细审题，确定题目(及提纲)要求你写什么。一定要搞清楚，无论你的文章写得多么漂亮，如果文章写得不切题，或者立体，无疑你就会得低分甚至得零分。

2. 列出提纲：

一旦你长的题目要求你写什么以后，就要迅速开动脑筋(brainstorm)，进行构思，也即围绕文章的题目(及提纲)广泛搜索材料，然后筛选材料，列出详细的提纲。搜索材料可以采用联想法，即针对题目(和提纲)所给的信息尽可能地联想与信息有关的材料，将所有这些想到的材料写在草稿纸上，然后再作进一步筛选。

以文章“The Two-day Weekend” （1996.1）为例。按照题目及提纲的提， 经搜索筛选材料后，你可能会列出如下的提纲：

1) the benefits the two-day weekend may offer college students: →have more spare time / relax / have a good time / have time to do something we like / go fishing / collect stamps / go shopping / teach ourselves and learn something new

2) the problems the two-day weekend may bring to co0llege students: →do nothing but sleep / read books about sex and crime / watch TV all day long / all work but no play

3) my idea about how to spend the two-day weekend: →

relax myself:

①outdoor activities → go fishing / so shopping / take trip

②indoor activities →collect stamps / play table tennis

study:

① preview the lessons

② do some reading and learn something new

3. 写作：

有了详细的提纲后，就可以按照提纲写作。写作就是将这些与题目有关的材

料连成一篇思想连贯、行文通顺的文章。要做到这一点就得做到以下几点：

1) 文章开头的第一句要写好，要紧扣题目和提纲，语言要规范。如以上的文章“The Two-day Weekend”，可以用写下面的句子开头：

** The two-day weekend offers college students a lot of benefits.

** The two-day weekend has give quite a number of benefits to college students

since its coming into existence.

** Since the practice of the two-day weekend in our country, we college students

have enjoyed many benefits it has brought to us.

2) 有时句子与句子之间要根据意思，使用起连接作用的词或词组。如同样地在“The Two-day Weekend”一文中，在例举benefits 或problems时，不妨可以使用first, second, finally。一类的词。再说到有的学生如何度周末，有的学生又是如何度周末等等时，可以使用some students…，some students…，other students…等词。

3) 在段落与段落之间尽可能要有起到过渡作用的词、词组或句子。如上面同一篇文章中，第一段讲双休日给大学生带来的好处，第二段讲的是双休日可能给大学生带来的问题。其中有个意思上的转折。 因此，第二段开头不妨试用：** However, / But, on the other hand, the two-day weekend may bring some

problems to college students.

** Although the two-day weekend has brought many benefits to us college

students, it may also present some problems.

4) 段落的结尾，通常可以说上一句概括性的话，概述上面说过的意思，或者重

述自己对文章中某一问题的看法。如以上文章的第二段，在说了不同的学生在过双休日时出现的一些问题以后，最后可以用概括性的一句话来表明自己的看法：In conclusion, most students still don’t know how to use the two-day weekend to their best advantage. (Sample 1)。 再比如说文章的第三段， 在你自己将如何过好双休日逐一介绍以后，最后用finally, if there is sometime left, I will do some reading and learn something new. 来结束这一段(Sample 1)。当然， 也可以在讲到自己如何利用双休日进行学习和休息之后，将这两方面的意思作一个概括来结束段落：As the saying goes, all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. (Sample 2)。

5) 在写作的过程中很自然地会使用自己学过的惯用词组与句型(Sample1 和Sample2中的划线部分)。一下是两篇样文：

Sample 1

The two-day weekend offers college students a lot of benefits. First, we have more spare time. During the two-day weekend, we can relax and have a good time. Second, we have time to do something that we like. We can go fishing, collect stamps, or go shopping. Finally, we can teach ourselves and learn new things.

However, the two-day weekend may also bring some problems to college students. Some sex and crime. Some students spend most of the time watching TV. Some other students study all ’t know how to use the

go fishing to let my mind have a rest. Sometimes, I will collect stamps or go shopping. If I have enough time, I will take a trip with my friends. On Sundays I will preview the lessons that are to learn something new.

Sample 2

The advance of science and technology gives people more free time. Now there are two-day weekends in China, and therefore we college students can have much more leisure time than before. Sports fans can take part in more physical activities. Students who are interested in campus activities can join different clubs. Of course we can also get a part-time job to do in order to gain some work experience.

weekends.

novels and writing articles on two-day weekends. Of course, I will also take a good rest during2